Importance of Spoken English Language Free Essays

The significance of English as a communicated in language started because of the pioneer time, when European forces took to the oceans so as to discover new terrains and common assets. The impacts of that time can at present be felt in the quantity of English speakers in India, select pieces of Asia and Africa, and North America. The impact of English became more grounded in the twentieth century, with the expanded portability of populaces, the development of the United States as a monetary force, and the nearness of universal media in regular day to day existence. We will compose a custom paper test on Significance of Spoken English Language or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Starting at 2010 there are less local speakers of English than Chinese, however English is spoken in more places, and more individuals communicate in English as a subsequent language. As indicated by the 2004 World Factbook, 49 nations list English as their official language, not including the United States and the United Kingdom, which don't list any official language yet utilize transcendently English. In 2001, a survey of the 189 part nations in the United Nations demonstrated that 120 of them liked to utilize English to speak with different consulates, while 40 picked French and 20 needed Spanish. Beside the United Nations, numerous other universal associations work in English. After World War II, key budgetary organizations were made in English, including the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The World Trade Organization and an assortment of other UN offshoots such the World Food Program and the World Health Organization utilize English in spoken and composed correspondence. Media Influence Five of the biggest telecom organizations (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) transmit in English, coming to over the world through satellite TV and neighborhood property. Evaluations for the quantity of individuals utilizing the Internet in English untruth just marginally in front of clients in Chinese, however well in front of Spanish and other significant dialects. In the distributing business, English is additionally well ahead: 28 percent of books distributed every year are in English, and the market for books in English for second language speakers is developing. Components The measure of impact a language has relies upon the quantity of local and auxiliary speakers, just as the populace and financial intensity of the nations in which it is spoken. Different variables incorporate the quantity of significant fields that utilization the language, for example, parts of science and discretion, and its universal scholarly renown, less significantly. English at present overwhelms in science and innovation, a place that it took over from German after World War I. Logical diaries distribute in English, and numerous scientists, particularly in material science, science and science, utilize English as their working language. Instructions to refer to Importance of Spoken English Language, Papers

Agenda Setting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Motivation Setting - Essay Example Social issues will be issues that contrarily influence the condition of being of people in the general public. A social issue has two components that incorporate emotional concerns and target state of the issue. A target state of a social issue incorporates all the perspectives the difficult that can be seen with no biasness. Emotional concerns are issues that are influence and individual dependent on their biasness to specific perspectives. Abstract concerns make contrasts with taking care of issues in the general public. The development restricting gatherings in a general public is because of the abstract worries of individuals.Objective conditions have edified individuals in social orders with the end goal that they have reformulated human conditions. Through insight by mankind, complex issues that appeared to be unsolvable are understood in the cutting edge social orders. Social reformers created exact examination that has framed the reason for political theory and sociology. Pos itivists were engaged by the quality of realities. For example, Florence Nightingale and William Beveridge accepted that utilization of logical inquires about was fundamental in tackling social issues in our social orders. Songbird was persuaded that principles are not significant as realities seem to be. Realities don't hold vulnerabilities that settle on the way toward settling on choices harder.The other perspective on positivists as to issues is by seeing social issues as dysfunctions. Others against the perspectives on the general public characterize things as satisfactory or inadmissible.

Examining The Key Elements Of A Contributory Model Of Tourism

Examining The Key Elements Of A Contributory Model Of Tourism Examining The Key Elements Of A Contributory Model Of Tourism Development â€" Essay Example > Contributory Model of Tourism DevelopmentIntroductionTourism is considered a movement necessary to the development of countries because of its straight sound effects on the communal, cultural, learning and financial zones of countrywide societies and on their global relationships. Many developing countries, these days are trying to tourism as a potentially promising for the financial and human progress. This perception is relatively new, although for some, and reflects the rapid boost in the arrival of tourism numbers and revenue for many developing countries in current years. Traditionally, tourism has been given a lower precedence than farming, industrialized, because it was not measured an important source of development. Ever more, the sector has been evaluated as a way to earn export revenues, job creation, promoting economic modification and a service-oriented economy, to revive neglected neighborhoods and cultural activities, and the opening of the remote rural areas. Touri sm plays an important role in the era of globalization by the peoples and cultures. With increased accessibility and ease of movement across continents and cultures, the tourist market has grown to meet the increasing number of visitors and the wide range to meet all interests of passengers. This manifests itself in larger and better housing and expansion of tourism in lesser known regions of the world. Given that the range of destinations grows, and people become more discrimination, a desire to find and experience unique and different and unique, is an increased demand placed on destinations tourism in order to satisfy these interests. Looking into the historical improvement of tourism, it will be unfeasible to locate an accurate point ultimately when tourism, as well known it, began. (Kebba Ansu Manneh 2009)Advantages of Tourism and Its Role: Tourism is an encouraging force for financial development and progress, for cementing ties of friendship between the people of the world, and for furthering the appearance of a melodious global civilization. Tourism is tremendously compound and focal economic progresses that at times appear to have as several slanderers as followers. Tourism should be put in a broader communal- financial context as a leading 21st century service sector economic driver; as a matchless vehicle for community and cultural progress, and; as a device for environment development. Tourism is considered a movement necessary to the life of countries because of its direct sound effects on the social, cultural, educational and financial sectors of national societies and on their global relations. (WTO/OMT 1995, p. 1 - 4)Tourism is a perceptive area that is susceptible to external shocks - financial, ecological and political - as well as potentially creating its own problems. Its transversal nature, may also lead to social and financial outlay to society and to the situation. Its potential use is not always better used: the income can be low and human resources practices in general must be improved. Yet, there is a sense in many developing countries that tourism can not achieve the predictable more advantages without these problems. Its negative effects on communities can be radical and should be carefully weighed against its potential benefits. It is important lesson for the developing countries that department of tourism must be managed with awareness if it is to sell the advantages without compromising the local financial system and situation, social and good civilized traditions. (Hickman, 2007)

Identifying the Authors Purpose on a Standardized Test

Knowing what authors purpose questions look like is one thing. Finding it is quite another! On a standardized test, youll have answer choices to help you figure it out, but distractor questions will often confuse you. On a short answer test, youll have nothing but your own brain to figure it out, and sometimes it isnt as easy at it seems. It may be helpful to practice these types of questions while preparing for standardized tests. Look For Clue Words Figuring out why an author wrote a particular passage can be as easy (or as difficult) as looking at clues inside the passage. Ive mentioned in the What is the Authors Purpose article several different reasons an author would have to write a passage of text, and what those reasons mean. Below, youll find those reasons, with the clue words associated with them. Compare: Author wanted to show similarities between ideasClue Words: both, similarly, in the same way, like, just asContrast: Author wanted to show differences between ideasClue Words: however, but, dissimilarly, on the other handCriticize: Author wanted to give a negative opinion of an ideaClue Words: Look for words that show the authors negative opinion. Judgment words like bad, wasteful, and poor all demonstrate negative opinions. Describe/Illustrate: Author wanted to paint a picture of an ideaClue Words: Look for words that provide descriptive detail. Adjectives like red, lusty, morose, striped, sparkling, and crestfallen are all illustrative.Explain: Author wanted to break down an idea into simpler termsClue Words: Look for words that turn a complicated process into simple language. A descriptive text will use more adjectives. An explanatory text will usually be used with a complicated idea.Identify/List: Author wanted to tell the reader about an idea or series of ideasClue Word s: Text that identifies or lists, will name an idea or series of ideas without providing much description or opinion.Intensify: Author wanted to make an idea greaterClue Words: Text that intensifies will add more specific details to the idea. Look for superlative adjectives and bigger concepts. A baby sadly crying is descriptive, but a baby mournfully howling red-cheeked for 30 minutes is more intense.Suggest: Author wanted to propose an ideaClue Words: Suggest answers are usually positive opinions and try to sway the reader to believe. The author will provide a point, then use details to prove it.​ Underline the Clue Words It helps to use that pencil in your hand when youre reading if youre unsure what the authors purpose is. As you read, underline the clue words in the text to help you get a better idea. Then, either compose a sentence using the key words (compare, explain, illustrate) to show why the author wrote the piece or select the best answer from the choices given.

Corruption in Procurement - 4077 Words

UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM BUSINESS SCHOOL | AN ASSESSMENT OF CORRUPTION IN THE PROCUREMENT PROFESSION IN GOVERNMENT: CASE IN TANZANIA. | | BY | BERNARD, HELLEN | REG. NO. 2009-06-00929 | RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL TO CARRY OUT RESEARCH FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OR BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION. | Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 background3 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM4 2.o research aim6 2.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES6 3.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3.1 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS.7 4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 4.1 CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4.2 THEORETICAL†¦show more content†¦The decade following Tanzania’s independence (1960-1970) did not manifest intense corruption. Where it took place it tended to be restricted to low-level officials who demanded and received negligible sums of money. As the country expanded the public sector and public administration institutions progressively decayed, entailing the rise of bureaucratic malfunctioning, opportunities for rent-seeking behavior and asking and offering bribes started creeping in. In the same period, the cost of living rose dramatically while public service pay remained static or declined. Public officials became driven by a culture of survival and they progressively adopted deviant behavior patterns discussed earlier in the paper, including the use of corruption as an income maintenance strategy. To address and control the trend of increased corruption, the Nyerere Government enacted the leadership code as part of the Arusha Declaration which had been adopted in 1967 and dedicated Tanzania to the pursuit of Ujamaa and Self Reliance as its ideology. While moral suasion through a socialist code of conduct was making its contribution to the fight against corrupt tendencies, the country came to experience a major economic crisis following the oil crisis and the after effects of the war with Idd Amin in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with double digit inflation, major fiscal deficits and negative economic growth. That situation saw the state lose its ability to payShow MoreRelatedThe Global Issue Of South Africa1516 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Engagement Summary The Global Issue in South Africa Corruption has overrun all aspects of South African culture since the early 1900’s. The government, the police force, and all of the citizens commit acts of corruption on an everyday basis in order to secure contracts, grants, and in order to earn more money. From a business standpoint, as government contracts are given to certain businesses with connections, many other legitimate businesses are driven out of the market, often leading to lessRead MoreThe Quality Factor Of E Procurement Implementation Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant impact on the success Of E-procurement implementation. This study has focused on critical success aspects of E-procurement when, it comes to implantation. This research paper leads through a structural equation model. Information gathered from 208 directors to convey quantitative method to research the relationship between E-procurement quality factor .In the outcome this investigation demonstrates that quality of organization culture a ffect the E-procurement. On the other IT infrastructureRead More1.6:Challenges Of Procurement Practices . Soriede (2002)1609 Words   |  7 Pages1.6: Challenges of Procurement Practices Soriede (2002) mentions that, it is important to note that SCM is an integral part of procurement in the public sector. Therefore, it is used as a tool for the management of public procurement practices. However, despite the employment of SCM as a strategic tool, public procurement still faces enormous predicaments. These include, among others lack of proper knowledge, skills and capacity, non-compliance with SCM policy and regulations, inadequate planningRead MoreEssay about Single Sourcing In The Public Sector762 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Develop an argument for or against single sourcing and close supplier relationships in public sector procurement. Argue for single sourcing, or argue against single sourcing. State your claim, your reasoning, your evidence and any anticipated objections or rebuttals, and draw a conclusion. Definition Before anything else, I would like to clarify the difference between the single sourcing and sole sourcing. Single sourcing is refer to purchase from one selected supplier, though there may have otherRead MoreInternational Marketing/Trade Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pages Briefly, what does the OECD stipulate about member nations’ obligations regarding bribery corruption? Since Canada has ratified the OECD guidelines, what are the implications for Canadian business people selling to foreign governments? OECD published Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and Related Documents to prevent bribery and corruption. The aim of this convention was making the bribery of a foreign public official a crime underRead MoreEvaluating Unethical Decision Consequences Of An Organization1732 Words   |  7 PagesInformation Technology purchases. Charges of corruption may be alleged, and could be either real or imaginary. Consequently, an organization’s best defense against fraud is to be proactive, including gaining an understanding of how to identify potential indicators of corruptive behavior by managers. It is important that the organization take action as quickly as possible to prevent corruption. Further, examination of common indicators of potential corruption, and abuse is beneficial in the identificationRead MoreInformation Technology Manager Acting As A Purchasing Agent1648 Words   |  7 PagesInformation Technology purchases. Charges of corruption may be alleged, and could be either real or imaginary. Consequently, an organization’s best defense against fraud is to be proactive, including gaining an understanding of how to identify potential indicators of corruptive behavior by managers. It is important that the organization take action as quickly as possible to prevent corruption. Further, examination of common indicators of potential corruption, and abuse is beneficial in the identificationRead MoreDechen Pelzom Reviews Procurement Procedures, Rules, and Regulations1221 Words   |  5 Pagesappointed as the Head of the Procurement Department in one of the ministries. She was given the task to review the procurement procedure and rules and regulations. When she was reviewing the procurement activities initiated by procurement staffs, she found that only 50% of procurement budget has been utilized in 2010. There were no transparency and accountability in the procurement department where engineers place many of the contracts without any reference to the procurement department. Almost all staffsRead MoreGovernment Of The United National Convention On Against Corruption1257 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant steps to fight corruption in the country. These steps include the institutional reforms, accession to the United National Convention on Against Corruption (UNCAC) and adoption of new legislations. According to Transparency International (2011), despite of the high level of corruption in the country the citizens are appreciating the steps taken by the government towards fighting corruption in the country. However there are certain gaps and flaws in the anti-corruption efforts, one of whichRead MoreContracting Ethics in Government Acquisitions1315 Words   |  5 Pagesto achieve them all they use a variety of approaches which include but are not limited to contracts for acquiring goods and services ADDIN EN.CITE Weitzel20061127(Weitzel and Berns, 2006)1127112 717Weitzel, UtzBerns, SjorsCross-Border Takeovers, Corruption, and Related Aspects of GovernanceJournal of International Business StudiesJournal of International Business Studies786-8063762006Palgrave Macmillan Journals00472506http://www.jstor.org/stable/4540384( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_4 o Weitzel, 2006 #1127

Ethical Principles Free Essays

1. Contribute to society and human well-being. This principle concerning the quality of life of all people affirms an obligation to protect fundamental human rights and to respect the diversity of all cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now An essential aim of computing professionals is to minimize negative consequences of computing systems, including threats to health and safety. When designing or implementing systems, computing professionals must attempt to ensure that the products of their efforts will be used in socially responsible ways, will meet social needs, and will avoid harmful effects to health and welfare. 2. Avoid harm to others. â€Å"Harm† means injury or negative consequences, such as undesirable loss of information, loss of property, property damage, or unwanted environmental impacts. This principle prohibits use of computing technology in ways that result in harm to any of the following: users, the general public, employees, and employers. Harmful actions include intentional destruction or modification of files and programs leading to serious loss of resources or unnecessary expenditure of human resources such as the time and effort required to purge systems of â€Å"computer viruses.† 3. Be honest and trustworthy. Honesty is an essential component of trust. Without trust an organization cannot function effectively. The honest computing professional will not make deliberately false or deceptive claims about a system or system design, but will instead provide full disclosure of all pertinent system limitations and problems. A computer professional has a duty to be honest about his or her own qualifications, and about any circumstances that might lead to conflicts of interest. 4. Be fair and take action not to discriminate. The values of equality, tolerance, respect for others, and the principles of equal justice govern this imperative. Inequities between different groups of people may result from the use or misuse of information and technology. In a fair society, all individuals would have equal opportunity to participate in, or benefit from, the use of computer resources regardless of race, sex, religion, age, disability, national origin or other such similar factors. However, these ideals do not justify unauthorized use of computer resources nor do they provide an adequate basis for violation of any other ethical imperatives of this code. 5. Honor property rights including copyrights and patent. Violation of copyrights, patents, trade secrets and the terms of license agreements is prohibited by law in most circumstances. Even when software is not so protected, such violations are contrary to professional behavior. Copies of software should be made only with proper authorization. Unauthorized duplication of materials must not be condoned. 6. Give proper credit for intellectual property. Computing professionals are obligated to protect the integrity of intellectual property. Specifically, one must not take credit for other’s ideas or work, even in cases where the work has not been explicitly protected by copyright, patent, etc. 7 Respect the privacy of others. Computing and communication technology enables the collection and exchange of personal information on a scale unprecedented in the history of civilization. Thus there is increased potential for violating the privacy of individuals and groups. It is the responsibility of professionals to maintain the privacy and integrity of data describing individuals. This includes taking precautions to ensure the accuracy of data, as well as protecting it from unauthorized access or accidental disclosure to inappropriate individuals. Furthermore, procedures must be established to allow individuals to review their records and correct inaccuracies. 8. Honor confidentiality. The principle of honesty extends to issues of confidentiality of information whenever one has made an explicit promise to honor confidentiality or,  implicitly, when private information not directly related to the performance of one’s duties becomes available. The ethical concern is to respect all obligations of confidentiality to employers, clients, and users unless discharged from such obligations by requirements of the law or other principles of this Code. The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics Written by the Computer Ethics Institute 1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people. 2. Thou shalt not interfere with other people’s computer work. 3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s computer files. 4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal. 5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness. 6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid. 7. Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without authorization or proper compensation. 8. Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual output. 9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing. 10. Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans. Information Ethics 1. Personal Privacy IT enables data exchange of information on a large scale from anybody, on any locations or parts of the world, at any times. In this situation, there is increased potential for disclosing information and violating the privacy of any individuals and groups of people due to its widespread disseminations worldwide. It is our challenge and responsibility to maintain the privacy and integrity of data regarding individuals. This also includes taking precautions to ensure the accuracy of data, as well as protecting it from unauthorized access or accidental disclosure to inappropriate individuals. 2. Ethical Issues Ethical issues in computing systems is access right. Due to the current popularity of international commerce on the Internet, the topic of computer security and access right has moved quickly from being a low priority for corporations and government agencies to a high priority. This interest has been heightened by computer break-ins at places like Los Alamos National Laboratories and NASA in the US. Many attempts of such illegal access to United States government and military computers by computer hackers have been widely reported. Without implementation of proper computer security policies and strategies, network connections on the Internet can’t be made secure from illegal accesses 3. Harmful Actions In computer ethics, harmful action means injury or negative consequences, such as undesirable loss of information, loss of property, property damage, or unwanted environmental impacts. This principle prohibits use of computing technology in ways that result in harm to any of users, the general public, employees, and employers. Harmful actions include intentional destruction or modification of files and programs leading to serious loss of resources or unnecessary expenditure of human resources such as the time and effort required to purge systems from â€Å"computer viruses.† In the following tables, a survey of various activities on Internet indicates that illegal information nowadays is often reported. The data shows that the percentage of response from Japanese companies and organizations is quite significant (Kubo, 1999). Code of Ethics for the Filipino I.T. Professionals Preamble: I will use my social knowledge and skills for the benefit of employers and clients with integrity, subject to an overriding responsibility for the public interest, and I will strive to enhance the competence and prestige of the professional. By these, I mean: 1. I will promote public knowledge technology; 2. I will consider the general welfare and public good in the performance of my work; 3. I will advertise good or professional in a clear and truthful manner; 4. I will comply and strictly abide by the in related laws in  respect of information technology; 5. I will accept full responsibility for the work undertaken and will utilize my skills with competence and professionalism; 6. I will make truthful statements on and qualities of my products and service; 7. I will not disclose or use any confidential information obtained in the course of professional duties without the consent of the parties concerned, except when required by law; 8. I will try to attain the highest in both the products and services I offer; 9. I will not knowingly participate in the development of Information Technology System that will promote the Commission of fraud and other unlawful acts; 10. I will uphold and improve the IT professional standard through continuing professional development in order to enhance IT profession. How to cite Ethical Principles, Papers

Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs

Table of Contents Treating Different Levels of High Blood Pressure Advantages of Drug Use Risks of Taking Drugs Alternative Treatments Conclusion Works Cited According to Dishman (201), high blood pressure (or hypertension) is increasingly becoming a major health problem. According to recent estimates, one in every three Americans suffer from high blood pressure (Dishman (201). Compared to teenagers and children, the incidence of high blood pressure among adults is relatively high.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globally, estimates show that more than 25% of the world population suffers from hypertension. This percentage amounts to about one billion people living with hypertension around the world. Cumulatively, more than 70 million Americans suffer from high blood pressure (Dishman 202). Many people perceive high blood pressure to be a â€Å"silent killer† because it is often undetected. However, the main challenge for managing the disease lies in its treatment. For example, many medical experts are undecided regarding the use of drug treatment for high blood pressure. Rhoden (185) warns patients suffering from mild high blood pressure against the risk of developing severe hypertension when they take over the counter (OTC) drugs. However, some medical experts approve the use of drugs for the management of the disease because drugs offer immense opportunities for decreasing blood pressure. Indeed, proponents of drug treatment cite the importance of drugs in managing blood pressure as a management tool for the disease (Lenzer 7). Their contribution considers situations when a lifestyle change is impossible to achieve. This paper investigates the truth behind both arguments (for and against drug use) and ends by stating if patients suffering from high blood pressure should take drugs or not. However, first, an explanation for the treatment options for mild and severe high blood pressure provides the framework the understanding of this paper’s findings. Treating Different Levels of High Blood Pressure The dilemma witnessed in medicating high blood pressure patients has been mirrored in research studies done by the widely respected, Cochrane Collaboration (Lenzer 3). However, these studies hinge their outcomes on understanding the distinction between â€Å"mild† high blood pressure and â€Å"high† high blood pressure.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lanier explains this distinction by stating that â€Å"A reading below 120/80 is considered normal, below 95/60 is considered low blood pressure and higher than 140/90 is considered high blood pressure, or hypertension† (Lanier 4). Lenzer (7) explains that there is a wide discrepa ncy between the effectiveness of drugs used to treat â€Å"mild† forms of hypertension and severe forms of hypertension. His findings revealed a high unresponsiveness to drugs for patients suffering from mild forms of hypertension. In fact, the studies show a poor response to drug treatment for patients suffering from â€Å"mild† high blood pressure because their risk of stroke, heart disease, and death (which are often associated with severe forms of high blood pressure) are constant, despite the treatment (Lenzer 7). The above research has faulted previous studies, which have promoted the use of drugs for patients with hypertension by citing their weakness in bundling all forms of hypertension into one group. In other words, Lenzer (8) proposes a difference in the effect of drug treatment for patients suffering from mild and extreme forms of hypertension (older research studies proposed a general positive effect for drug treatment on patients with hypertension, witho ut considering the distinction between mild and severe forms of hypertension). Lenzer (10) also warns against the possibility of a â€Å"disease creep† if patients suffering from mild forms of high blood pressure subject themselves to drug treatments (a â€Å"disease creep† occurs when patients suffering from a mild disease subject themselves to a treatment plan designed to treat an extreme form of the disease). Nonetheless, drug treatments for patients with severe high blood pressure are successful and efficient. However, this outcome is best realized when multiple drugs are used (but even in such circumstances, more harm than good occurs because of the side effects of using multiple drugs). Overall, drug treatments for patients suffering from mild hypertension only poses a strong profit potential for drug companies (by increasing the number of patients depending on the drugs) but it does little to improve the overall well-being of the patients. Advantages of Drug Use This paper already highlights the negative side effects of drug use for patients with high blood pressure. However, according to Rhoden (177), drug use helps to reduce high blood pressure.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He highlights the reduction in blood pressure (by opening and widening the blood vessels to allow for more blood flow) as one benefit of drugs in reducing blood pressure (Rhoden 178). Indeed, part of the reason for increased high blood pressure is the narrowing of blood vessels, which occurs from several factors (including too much fat deposits in the blood). Another way drugs reduce blood pressure is by preventing the blood vessels from narrowing so that they remain wide enough to allow for sufficient blood flow (Rhoden 178). Rhoden (178) does not elaborate how drugs achieve such an outcome, but he c ouples this advantage with the ability of drugs to reduce the heart’s workload. This effect is normally more efficient for patients who develop high blood pressure from obesity and related complications. Rhoden (179) explains that regular drug use solves this problem because it reduces the heart workload. Finally, Rhoden (271) explains that drugs help reduce blood pressure by reducing the volume of fluids in the blood. Through a reduction in fluid volume, the blood pressure reduces. Risks of Taking Drugs Drug treatment methods for high blood pressure group under different levels of medications. However, the most commonly known type of drug medication for hypertension is diuretic drugs (American Heart Association 1). One disadvantage of using this type of drug is the reduction in potassium levels. However, the American Heart Association (1) proposes supplementary potassium intake as a remedy for potassium loss. Nonetheless, many patients fail to realize that their drug intake reduces their potassium levels and therefore, they fail to supplement their potassium levels (American Heart Association 1). Albeit uncommon, reports of patients suffering from gout after they have experienced prolonged exposure to diuretic drugs exist. This side effect exposes the danger of drug use for patients with high blood pressure but it barely highlights the risk patients suffering from both high blood pressure and diabetes experience when they use diuretic drugs. The American Heart Association (1) explains that diabetic patients who use diuretic drugs suffer increased sugar levels when they use the drugs for a long time. However, to remedy increased blood sugar levels, the American Heart Association proposes, â€Å"a change in medication, diet, insulin or oral anti-diabetic dosage† (1).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another side effect for hypertension patients who use diuretic drugs (to treat the condition) lie in the increased chances of impotency that diuretic drugs pose. This side effect rarely occurs but it still adds to the dangers hypertension patients risk when they take drugs. In an unrelated context, Griffin (1) reports that some types of OTC drugs (such as nosteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs) may have a severe impact on the wellbeing of patients suffering from high blood pressure. This risk is especially profound when the drugs contain ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and ketoprofen compounds (because these compounds have serious side effects on the patients) (Griffin 1). However, certain painkillers are considered to have fewer side effects and therefore, they are not considered to be highly dangerous for patients suffering from high blood pressure. For example, acetaminophen (an active ingredient in painkilling drugs) has few side effects for patients with high blood pressure (Griff in 1). In other words, this compound does not raise the blood pressure. Nonetheless, regardless of the absence of significant side effects for a specific group of drugs, they still have their own side effects (which do not directly relate to the management of high blood pressure). Therefore, from this understanding, Griffin (1) cautions patients with high blood pressure from taking prescription drugs for more than ten days. The potential danger of drugs to inhibit blood flow to the kidney is one effect that manifests as a major concern for patients with high blood pressure (the inhibited blood flow to the kidney slows the functions of the kidneys) (Griffin 1). Therefore, instead of the kidneys filtering blood more efficiently, it is slow to achieve this purpose (consequently, many fluids increase in the blood and the blood pressure increases) (American Heart Association 1). The increased high blood pressure is especially worse for patients who suffer from some form of heart complica tion. Research has proved that when prescription drug use is common, there may be a potential complete damage to the kidneys (Griffin 1). This risk begs the question regarding what patients with high blood pressure should do when they have another discomfort (like a headache or a cold). To answer this question, Griffin (1) suggests that safe drugs (like asprin) are safe to medicate such patients. Alternative Treatments Since many drug treatment methods have side effects, doctors who have warned against the effects of drug treatment, propose the adoption of alternative treatment methods. This section of the paper concentrates on explaining five alternative treatment methods, proposed by Mayo Clinic (1) to be extremely effective in reducing high blood pressure. One alternative treatment is reducing the body weight and watching the waistline. The effectiveness of reducing body weight traces its roots from the relation between body weight and blood pressure. Mayo Clinic (1) confirms tha t there is a positive relation between high blood pressure and excessive body weight. From this relationship, Mayo Clinic (1) proves that reducing even ten pounds of body weight is likely to have a positive impact on blood pressure reduction. Finally, Mayo Clinic (1) explains that body weight reduction also improves the efficiency of drug treatment. Another alternative treatment for high blood pressure is regular exercising. Regular exercising has enormous benefits. In fact, Mayo Clinic (3) recommends patients to exercise for an hour (everyday) to reduce their blood pressure by about four to nine millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Observing regular exercise is also one way patients with mild high blood pressure can reduce their risk of developing severe high blood pressure (Divine 74). Divine (74) however warn patients against doing strenuous exercises (say, twice a week) to compensate for other days of the week. Eating a healthy diet is also another medication-free treatment that has a positive effect on reducing blood pressure. Like exercising, eating a healthy diet not only has a positive effect on reducing blood pressure but also on improving the overall health of the patients. However (concentrating on high blood pressure), it is important to highlight that eating a lot of grains, fruits, vegetables and low-cholesterol foods can reduce the blood pressure significantly (by about 14 mm Hg) (Mayo Clinic 3). This treatment plan defines the dietary approach to blood pressure reduction. Reducing sodium in the diet is also another treatment plan that has a high efficacy when treating high blood pressure. Indeed, high sodium levels are associated with high blood pressure because even slight reductions of sodium in the diet have a two to eight mm Hg reduction in blood pressure (the recommended level of sodium consumption should be limited to 2,300 milligrams every day) (Mayo Clinic 3). Lastly, Mayo Clinic (3) advises patients suffering from high blood pressure (and a re alcohol consumers) to reduce their alcohol consumption as a strategy to reduce their blood pressure. However, alcohol consumption is a dicey issue for patients with high blood pressure because Mayo Clinic (3) posits that small amounts of alcohol consumption can lower the blood pressure by about two to four mm Hg (this benefit is lost during excessive consumption of alcohol). Therefore, it is advisable to limit alcohol consumption to small volumes. Comprehensively, the above medication-free treatment methods help to treat high blood pressure without experiencing the negative effects of drugs. Conclusion After weighing the benefits and side effects of drug use, there is a clear divide between the pros and cons of drug use for patients who have a high blood pressure. However, since not all drugs have a negative (or severe) impact on patients with high blood pressure, there is a need to distinguish â€Å"dangerous† and â€Å"safe† drugs. It is therefore improper to stat e broadly that high blood pressure patients should not take drugs. Indeed this paper shows that some drugs can be beneficial to the patients and ongoing research shows the ability of drugs to lower blood pressure by widening blood veins, reducing fluid volume, and reducing heart workload (as some of the benefits for drug use among patients with hypertension). Nonetheless, these treatment methods are incomparable to the benefits enjoyed by medication-free treatment methods (alternative treatment methods). These alternative treatment methods do not only have a positive impact on the reduction of blood pressure but they also have a broad and positive impact on the patients’ health. Furthermore, these treatment methods constitute precautionary measures to prevent the occurrence of high blood pressure (and most importantly prevent the worsening of mild hypertension to severe hypertension). Therefore, the adoption of alternative treatment provides a way for patients with â€Å"mil d† high blood pressure can prevent the development of â€Å"high† high blood pressure. Comprehensively, drug treatment for patients suffering from high blood pressure is not entirely bad if safe drugs are used, but overall, it is advisable for patients to use alternative treatment options to avoid any possibility of suffering from the severe impacts of drug use. Works Cited American Heart Association 2012, Types of Blood Pressure Medications. Web. Dishman, Rod. Physical Activity Epidemiology, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 2012. Print. Divine, Jon. Action Plan for High Blood Pressure, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 2005. Print. Griffin, Morgan 2012, High Blood Pressure: Everyday Pain Relief. Web. Lanier, Jennifer 2012, Difference Between High Low Blood Pressure. Web. Lenzer, Jeanne 2012, Have Mild Hypertension? You may not need drugs. Web. Mayo Clinic 2012, 10 Ways to Control High Blood Pressure without Medication. Web. Rhoden, Chad. Bringing Down High Blood Pressure, London, UK : Government Institutes, 2010. Print. This research paper on Should Patients with High Blood Pressure Take Drugs? was written and submitted by user Randy Dillard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.